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Legal Complexities of “Climate Refugees”: A Study of India, Bangladesh, and New Zealand

Abstract

Climate change is undeniably a major factor in the displacement of people. However, the international community has yet to recognise the class of refugees affected by climate change. The absence of recognition results in the lack of legal protection and assistance for such “climate refugees” who are forced to be displaced due to climate change. The study explores how India, Bangladesh, and New Zealand handle climate migration. Many climate refugees are displaced in India and Bangladesh, yet they have no protections. These countries use generic migration rules, which don’t address climate-related migration or crossborder moves. New Zealand’s humanitarian immigration initiatives for climate-affected Pacific Islanders are experimental. Only a few people benefit from their efforts. This study emphasises the need to recognise climate refugees officially and indicates that regional cooperation and national measures could assist in protecting climate refugees. These techniques can help climate-affected communities by considering human rights.

Keywords

climate refugees climate-induced displacement cross-border migration human rights migration policy refugee law

Type:

Research Paper

Information:

International Journal of Law Management and Humanities,

Creative Commons:

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution -NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting, and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright:

Copyright ©AJLSR 2025

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Export Citation

Khushima Rai, Legal Complexities of “Climate Refugees”: A Study of India, Bangladesh and New Zealand, 1 (1) AJLSR 36, (2025)